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英政府颁布“信托登记”新规,防设立信托绕过税局逃税!

最近,英国信托登记服务(Trust Registration Service)进行了重要更新!

有很多人为了孩子或自己的将来着想,可能会选择设立一个信托,里面的资产可以是物业或者公司股份等等。

现在有形形式式的信托,部份资产和里头的受托人更可以涉及到不同国家,所以很可能出现法律和税务上的问题。

情况就例如,如果当事人一家都是长期居住于中国的中国籍的公民,父母在英国买了房后把房放到给孩子的信托里,而信托的受托人也是中国籍的。那么在这种情况下,这个信托在英国需要进行登记吗?如果没有登记,又有什么后果呢?

根据英国政府新颁布的《2020年洗钱和恐怖主义融资条例》(Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Regulations 2020),当英国信托登记服务“更新”正式实施后,有部份英国海外的信托可能就要在英国境内注册

而这个“更新”主要是针对打击资助恐怖主义或洗钱活动的信托。

→ 重要更新!

《2020年洗钱和恐怖主义融资条例》(Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Regulations 2020)在2020年7月22日议会休会前,已经获得了批准;不过有关的实际条款预计要到今年晚些时候或2021年初才能发布。

那么在这里可以先简单了解一下,有哪些非英国信托(Non-UKresident trust)将会要或者豁免向税局注册:

首先,非英国信托(Non-UK trust)的意思是,如果在信托(Trust)中至少有一名非英国居民受托人(Non-UK resident trustee),且委托人(Settlor)在向信托基金提供资金时,既不是英国居民(Resident),也不是长期定居于英国的(Domiciled),那这个信托一般就是非英国信托(Non-UK trust)。这一般是不需要向英国税局登记的。

不过对于这种“非英国信托”,在《2020年洗钱和恐怖主义融资条例》生效后,如果信托中至少有一名是英国居民受托人(UK Resident Trustee),同时又有和英国服务商合作的话,届时这个信托就要进行登记

即便以上的情况未必要缴纳英国的税项,不过根据规定也是有责任要向税局登记的。

这除了能帮助英国税局有效记录所有和英国有关的信托外,更可以防止有人想以避税或洗钱为前提设立信托。

打个比方,假如有一个信托的委托人是一家中资公司A,信托的资产是A公司在中国的几个物业,受托人是几名中国籍的员工和一名英籍员工,信托受益人也是一家中资公司。

这时,如果受托人们决定要找一所英国投资行帮忙打理账目,那么由于这个信托里面有一名英籍受托人,并且和英国服务供应商合作,所以这时就需要向英国税局登记,并有可能需要缴交相关税项。

最早的注册日期是2022年3月10日。在此之后,信托需要在满足登记要求后的30天内进行登记(通常是在和英国服务商合作开始之日起算)。

→ 收购英国房地产的海外信托?

对于包含英国受托人(UK trustee)的非英国信托(Non-UK trust),如果想要在英国收购房地产的话,一般是需要进行登记的。

如果信托中没有英国受托人,不过如果委托人在英国土地注册处(Land Registry)中已经登记成为信托中英国物业的法定所有人(Legal owner)的话,这同样也是需要登记,只不过该登记册上的信息是不会向公众公开的。

比如说,小莎以委托人(Settlor)的身份设立了一份信托,受托人是自己的哥哥,信托中是以小莎名义登记的英国房子,受益人是小莎的女儿。他们所有人都是长期居住于中国的中国籍公民。

这个时候,由于这套英国房子的法定所有人是小莎,即便所有人都不是英国公民,这个信托仍然是要向英国税局进行登记的。

不过,如果该物业(原来)已经在信托之中,并且根据目前的规定是无需要进行登记的话,那么即便未来新规实施后,“这个信托”基本是不需要额外再进行登记的。

所以从表面上来看,只有在新规定生效后才设立的物业信托,才需要进行注册。

→ 共同所有权(Joint Ownership)?

只要信托中物业的法定持有人和信托的受益人(Beneficial owners)是同一个人,那基本上就不需要进行登记。

不过,如果信托的受益人并不是物业的法定持有人,那么这个信托仍然是需要登记的。

意思就是,如果父母把自己的物业放到信托中和子女共同持有,或者配偶一方把自己物业加到伴侣的信托上共同持有的话,这就要进行登记了。

那么在这里先呼应一下文章开头给出的疑问:如果当事人一家都是长期居住于中国的中国籍的公民,父母在英国买了房后把房放到给孩子的信托里,而信托的受托人也是中国籍的。

那么在这种情况下,这个信托在英国需要进行登记吗?如果没有登记,又有什么后果呢?

答案是要的。首先因为孩子并不是物业的法定持有人,父母才是。而现在只不过是父母决定把自己的物业放到给子女的信托上和他们共享利润,所以从共同所有权(Joint Ownership)的层面上,这个信托是要向税局登记的。

而虽然信托中的所有人都不是英籍,但由于那是英国的物业,所以在非英国信托(non-UK trust)层面上,当事人也是有责任要向英国税局登记的。

→ 没有或延迟向税局登记信托的后果?

首先以目前来说,受托人没有及时登记信托的话,根据英国税局在2018年3月8日发布的指导文件,如果当事人:

-在到期日后3个月内进行登记:罚款100镑;

-在到期日后3到6个月内进行登记:罚款200镑;

-逾期6个月以上的登记:纳税义务总额的5%或罚款300镑,以金额较大者为准。

*登记/更新信托的“到期日”一般是:信托就资产缴纳英国税款后,任何纳税年度之后的1月31日。

→ 遗嘱信托(Will Trust)?

另一种较为普遍的信托还有遗嘱信托。

如果委托人在去世后的2年后,该遗嘱信托仍然没有被动用的话,这个信托就需要进行登记。

如果委托人在去世的时候没有留下遗嘱,那么他/她生前所设立的信托一般也是无需登记的。

→ 在详细条款还没公布的这段期间内,信托的受托人应该做好什么准备?

目前,对于英国纳税义务的信托,登记的规定与以前相同。通常需要在10月5日纳税年度结束后的1月31日之前进行登记。

对于其他信托(即没有英国纳税义务的信托),最早的登记日期是2022年3月10日

因此,受托人有充足的时间来确定是否真的需要注册/登记,如果需要的话,就可能要提早预备有关的信息。

不过好消息是,其实有大量的信托,它们对于资助恐怖主义或洗钱几乎是没有风险,因此在本年底或下年年头,有关详细条款出台时,应该也会列出很大部份不需要注册的信托细节。

此外,对没有英国纳税义务,没有任何英国居民受托人的海外信托,影响也仅限于那些包含英国房地产的信托。而且即便是在这种情况下,有关信托受益所有人的信息也不会公开的。

有关信托这方面还有很多可以讲的,涉及的范畴可能从房产、税务、遗嘱、商业到诉讼等等。丽莎甚至曾听说过有莎粉焦急地找我们说,根本就不知道原来自己立的就是信托,或迷糊地当上了受托人,不清楚有哪些法律义务等等。

所以丽莎日后会撰写更多相关的文章,希望让大家对信托能有更深入的了解。

*如果莎粉们对于今天文章提到的“信托登记”方面的内容,或者其他英国房产和税务方面还有更多疑问,都可以进一步联系咨询丽莎律师行和丽莎会计行。

→ 新冠肆虐,不敢出门,如何既能安全委托律师又可以足不出户?

自新冠开始以来,丽莎每天都会接到许多莎粉的焦虑询问:疫情严重,请问你们还正常上班吗?我可以照常提问吗?我的案件还会及时处理吗?

丽莎要在这边非常郑重且明确地告诉所有莎粉:在新冠期间,丽莎律师行不但正常营业,而且您的咨询和委托将会得到更快捷的处理。我们的案件管理系统已经完全数字化和云端化。您的律师可以在世界上任何地方工作来处理您的案件,不会有任何差别。

此外,我们的电话系统也已经完全“网络化”。即便处理您案件的律师不在办公室内,也完全没有任何影响。他/她能够照常与您沟通、回答您的疑问并处理您的案件。您的案件不会因为律师的远程工作而直接受到影响或耽搁。

您可以像平常一样联系我们的办公室座机(020 7928 0276)。您的电话可以方便地转接到您的律师手上,无论他/她在什么地方。

同时,为了确保丽莎所有的员工能够有个安全的工作环境保障所有莎粉能够更安心、安全地咨询和委托我们,丽莎一直致力于把自己打造成莎粉手中的“掌上律师行”,使所有的莎粉足不出户,就可以便捷地咨询和委托我们。

在新冠疫情最严重的时刻,丽莎律师行正式上线了中英文双语App服务

通过我们的App,莎粉们不仅可以足不出户就可以委托我们,并且您可以通过App来随时查询您的案件进度。此外,也可以通过App上传您的案件所需要的文件。您不再需要把它们邮寄给我们,或者花费车票和时间送到我们的办公室。

→ 想要抢先体验丽莎全新的App服务?

很简单,莎粉们只要直接在您手机的苹果商城或安卓市场搜索“Lisas Law”手机应用程式(App),您就可以免费下载了。就像下面这样:

下载后,打开丽莎律师行(Lisa’s Law)的App,您就会看到App的首页菜单页面,您可以直接从这边点选您想要的操作,像是选择委托丽莎/咨询丽莎,或者如果您已经是我们的客户,您还能直接线上登录查询您的案件进度,甚至把案件相关文件通过App发送给我们

从最初的咨询、委托,直到后面的文件递交、案件处理等,您完全不需要出门,甚至不需要移动一步,就能够远程遥控,与我们取得联系并且随时追踪您的案件情况。

丽莎全新的App提供中文和英文版本,不论您习惯使用哪一种语言,都可以直接点选主页面菜单的右上角,更换语言。点选“English”英文版,或者点选“中文”中文版。

→ 如何使用App扫描文件?

首先,莎粉们只需要在主页菜单点选“扫描上传文件给我们”,点进去后照着页面的指示,点选右下角“+”来开启手机的相机功能,就可以通过App来拍摄/扫描您想传给我们的文件。

拍摄的时候建议莎粉把您的手机垂直上举,将镜头中的矩形观景窗“对准”您的文件(注意镜头需要聚焦来确保文件清晰度),您拍摄的每页文件内容必须容纳进观景窗,也就是镜头的矩形方格中,如同下面图示:

拍摄的时候,请您按照顺序将文件一页一页地拍下来(比如一份文件有10页,请您将10页内容分成10个单页拍摄)。

拍摄完成后,您会看到所有您已拍摄/扫描的全部页面缩图,确认内容无误后,您就可以点选右上角的“信封”图样,接着跟着指示把您的文件,云端寄送到丽莎的电邮了!

→ 如何使用App查询和追踪您的案件进展?

您只需要从主页菜单点选“查询/追踪您的案件情况”,您就会被带到我们的Osprey线上案件查询系统。

只要您是丽莎的客户,您的律师就会告诉您的登入信息,您只需要按照系统上的指示,输入您的登入信息,您就可以进入系统查看您的案件进展了!

→ 还没成为我们客户,只是想先咨询我们?

没有问题!莎粉们只要从主页菜单点选“留言咨询/委托丽莎”,然后再跟着上面出现的表格选项,依序填入您的名字、联络信息和您的提问,丽莎的专业律师就会给予回复,或者直接与您联系。

莎粉们记得一定要留下您方便的联络方式,这样我们才能够与您联系,回复您的提问喔!

当然了,如果莎粉们想要了解更多有关丽莎的信息,也可以点选主页菜单的“联系丽莎”,查看丽莎旗下社交平台,官网博客,或者拨打丽莎办公室座机电话等;莎粉们也可以点选主页菜单的“关于丽莎”,进一步了解丽莎团队。

丽莎一直将莎粉和客户的健康摆在第一位,尤其是在新冠严峻的情况下。

通过丽莎“掌上律师”的全新服务,莎粉们只要动一动手指,一部手机就能发挥遥控器的功能,完全可以更轻松、省时且省钱,并且更加安心地委托丽莎。

您和我们只有一键之隔。委托我们,您完全不再需要冒着生命危险。丽莎只想为您做得更好。

您说,我们做!委托丽莎,从来没有如此简单过!

如果莎粉们对于丽莎的“掌上律师”服务有任何疑问,或者有其他法律问题,都可以直接联系丽莎律师行(www.lisaslaw.co.uk),或者通过我们旗下官网《丽莎知道》微信公众号(UK-LISA)官方微博(www.weibo.com/lisaslaw)咨询丽莎。

丽莎律师行联络邮箱:info@lisaslaw.co.uk

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