时间进入了2022下半年，表示2023年也离我们越来越近了。从移民的角度来看这代表了一件事情——英国全新ETA系统即将到来！
根据内政部的计划，全名为Electronic Travel Authorisation（电子旅行授权）的ETA系统，即将从2023年初开始试行。
ETA系统的开启，象徵著“免签访英”的时代将会真正走入历史。虽然说，ETA严格来说并不是一种签证；但一旦ETA全面通行以后，没有英国合法身份的外籍旅客，不论国籍，都不再能够“手持护照，想来就来”。
这是因为，届时不管您是否来自“免签”国家，您在一定程度上都得先经过英国移民局的”提前审查“，才可能合法进入英国。这不论您是需要提前申请相关签证的；亦或者您是属于“免签国”，您也得事先向移民局申请ETA（电子旅行许可），获得”旅行授权“后才能入境英国。
→ 何谓ETA？
ETA顾名思义是一种”访问许可“。意思是说，一个人想要访问英国，需要提前通知移民局，当事人的”访问“意图；移民局如果准许当事人的访问，就会核发”许可“给当事人。换句话说，当事人在得到移民局的许可后，才能够”合法通行“。
目前，英国内政部尚未公布新ETA系统的完整细节。不过，丽莎还是掌握到一些已知内容，可以提前和莎粉们分享。
首先，ETA自然是要在当事人要访问英国之前申请。申请人需要”线上“填写一个简单的申请表格，上面会询问申请人一些基本的个人信息以及来英访问的相关问题。一般来说，这个表格只要在10分钟以内就能填写完毕。
线上递交后，申请人会在接下来的48至72小时内，收到移民局回复的结果。
至于ETA申请的费用，内政部尚未公布。不过据丽莎了解，其费用将会”具竞争性“。意思是说，不论是类似于美国目前的”每次20美元“ESTA申请费用，亦或是未来欧盟也将实施的”每次7欧元“ETIAS申请，英国政府都会向他们看齐，给出同样”低“的收费标准。
相对来说，ETA申请会比英国任何其他签证申请，都来得简单和便宜（虽然说，ETA本来就不算是一种”签证“）。
→ 谁适用ETA？
如同丽莎先前简单介绍过的，ETA系统主要面向”免签“人士，也就是原本那些可以”免签访问英国“的当事人（Non-Visa Nationals）。
通过ETA授权，内政部得以判断——入境英国的旅客是否符合“免签资格”，以及该趟旅程是否会造成英国执法或安全风险，达到他们”提前审查“的目的。
这进一步表示，在ETA正式通行后，未来”入境英国“将可以区分成以下几种情况：
当事人持有英国合法长期签证或身份（这里也包括欧盟EUSS的定居和非定居身份）；
当事人持有合法短期签证（访问签证）；
当事人为英籍或爱尔兰籍（自由进出）；
当事人符合“免签访问”，但当事人需要事先向移民局申请ETA（电子旅行许可），获得旅行授权。
内政部指出，通过ETA系统，将能针对即将入境英国的人士，进行“安全性排查”，确认当事人是否应该被准许入境（并将“威胁”提早阻挡在外）。
→ 每次申请ETA，能使用多久？
虽然内政部对于这方面，也还没给出进一步确认。但消息指出，他们有意比照美国的ESTA和欧盟的ETIAS；也就是说，一份有效ETA的效期，可达两年至3年（具体多长还得等待内政部的公布）。
这样一来，对于当事人的旅游出行安排，相对来说可以稍微方便一点；就有点像是两年多次访问签证那样，申请人在持有ETA的有效期内，就不必每次访问英国都得再重新申请一次。
→ 什么时候全面通行？
全新ETA系统会自明年一月起，开始”有限额“试行；预计到了2023年秋季，将会达成”全面实施“。
→ 欧盟也将实施新ETIAS系统
除了英国以外，欧盟国家也将自2023年11月起，实施类似于英国ETA和美国ESTA的全新欧盟ETIAS系统。
ETIAS面向的同样是”免签族群“，也就是那些可以”免签访问欧盟国家“的当事人。这些当事人未来要访问”申根区“（Schengen Area）之前，需要提前申请到有效ETIAS，才能合法入境欧盟国家。
ETIAS同样需要通过”线上申请“，申请的流程和概念，其实就类似于前面介绍过的英国ETA申请（只不过一个归欧盟管，用来入境欧盟；另一个归英国政府管，用来入境英国）。
不过需要注意的是，要申请欧盟ETIAS，当事人需要确保在入境欧盟之前，所持护照的有效期，不能少于6个月（也就是您的护照不能将在6个月内到期）。
否则的话，您需要先去申请一本新的护照，才能再去申请欧盟ETIAS。
→ 一些常见问题：
中国籍申请人，应该如何看待英国ETA和欧盟ETIAS？答：对于持有中国护照的人来说，其实以上提及的”新变化“对您而言基本没有影响。因为中国籍申请人本来无论是访问英国，或者欧盟国家，都需要申请相应的签证。所以未来您还是只要像现在这样去”申请签证“就可以，不论是ETA还是ETIAS，对您而言都是不适用的。
那如果是住在英国或欧盟的中国公民呢？甚至说您已经持有当地”永居“了呢？答：不论是您目前持有的是有效签证或者永居身份，这都不会改变您仍然持有中国护照、仍然是中国籍的事实。而”永居身份“其实就是一种”永久性的签证“，就是说永居身份并不会改变您的国籍。如此一来，如果您是合法居住在欧盟的人，您访问英国的时候仍然需要申请英国（访问）签证；同理，居住在英国的人，您在访问欧盟的时候，还是需要申请申根签证的。从这个角度来看，新的ETA或者ETIAS系统，对您仍然是没有什么影响的。
所以，要什么情况下，对您才有影响？答：您需要是持有的国籍，原本就对英国或者欧盟”免签“，您属于Non-Visa National；又或者，您是后来成为了Non-Visa National（比如说，您入籍英国，拿到了英国护照）。这样的话，您就会需要在未来ETA或者ETIAS正式实施后，事先申请相应的”电子旅行许可“，才能够合法访问该国家或地区。（比如，持有欧盟国家护照，访问英国前需要事先申请有效ETA；而持有英国护照，访问欧盟国家之前，则需要提前申请有效ETIAS。）
好了，今天就先聊到这边。通过本篇文章，丽莎带您在全新ETA系统正式实施前，提早窥见”它“可能会有的更多面貌，也进一步提到了欧盟相对应的ETIAS系统。
如果您对于文章内容，或者其他英国法律方面，有任何疑问，或者您感兴趣和我们进一步讨论的话，都欢迎直接联系丽莎律师行。
任何英国税务方面的问题，也可以进一步咨询丽莎会计行。
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