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再无免签!英明年起试行ETA电子旅行授权,欧盟也将跟进!

时间进入了2022下半年,表示2023年也离我们越来越近了。从移民的角度来看这代表了一件事情——英国全新ETA系统即将到来!

根据内政部的计划,全名为Electronic Travel Authorisation(电子旅行授权)的ETA系统,即将从2023年初开始试行。

ETA系统的开启,象徵著“免签访英”的时代将会真正走入历史。虽然说,ETA严格来说并不是一种签证;但一旦ETA全面通行以后,没有英国合法身份的外籍旅客,不论国籍,都不再能够“手持护照,想来就来”。

这是因为,届时不管您是否来自“免签”国家,您在一定程度上都得先经过英国移民局的”提前审查“,才可能合法进入英国。这不论您是需要提前申请相关签证的;亦或者您是属于“免签国”,您也得事先向移民局申请ETA(电子旅行许可),获得”旅行授权“后才能入境英国。

→ 何谓ETA?

ETA顾名思义是一种”访问许可“。意思是说,一个人想要访问英国,需要提前通知移民局,当事人的”访问“意图;移民局如果准许当事人的访问,就会核发”许可“给当事人。换句话说,当事人在得到移民局的许可后,才能够”合法通行“。

目前,英国内政部尚未公布新ETA系统的完整细节。不过,丽莎还是掌握到一些已知内容,可以提前和莎粉们分享。

首先,ETA自然是要在当事人要访问英国之前申请。申请人需要”线上“填写一个简单的申请表格,上面会询问申请人一些基本的个人信息以及来英访问的相关问题。一般来说,这个表格只要在10分钟以内就能填写完毕。

线上递交后,申请人会在接下来的48至72小时内,收到移民局回复的结果。

至于ETA申请的费用,内政部尚未公布。不过据丽莎了解,其费用将会”具竞争性“。意思是说,不论是类似于美国目前的”每次20美元“ESTA申请费用,亦或是未来欧盟也将实施的”每次7欧元“ETIAS申请,英国政府都会向他们看齐,给出同样”低“的收费标准。

相对来说,ETA申请会比英国任何其他签证申请,都来得简单和便宜(虽然说,ETA本来就不算是一种”签证“)。

→ 谁适用ETA?

如同丽莎先前简单介绍过的,ETA系统主要面向”免签“人士,也就是原本那些可以”免签访问英国“的当事人(Non-Visa Nationals)。

通过ETA授权,内政部得以判断——入境英国的旅客是否符合“免签资格”,以及该趟旅程是否会造成英国执法或安全风险,达到他们”提前审查“的目的。

这进一步表示,在ETA正式通行后,未来”入境英国“将可以区分成以下几种情况:

当事人持有英国合法长期签证或身份(这里也包括欧盟EUSS的定居和非定居身份);

当事人持有合法短期签证(访问签证);

当事人为英籍或爱尔兰籍(自由进出);

当事人符合“免签访问”,但当事人需要事先向移民局申请ETA(电子旅行许可),获得旅行授权。

内政部指出,通过ETA系统,将能针对即将入境英国的人士,进行“安全性排查”,确认当事人是否应该被准许入境(并将“威胁”提早阻挡在外)。

→ 每次申请ETA,能使用多久?

虽然内政部对于这方面,也还没给出进一步确认。但消息指出,他们有意比照美国的ESTA和欧盟的ETIAS;也就是说,一份有效ETA的效期,可达两年至3年(具体多长还得等待内政部的公布)。

这样一来,对于当事人的旅游出行安排,相对来说可以稍微方便一点;就有点像是两年多次访问签证那样,申请人在持有ETA的有效期内,就不必每次访问英国都得再重新申请一次。

→ 什么时候全面通行?

全新ETA系统会自明年一月起,开始”有限额“试行;预计到了2023年秋季,将会达成”全面实施“。

→ 欧盟也将实施新ETIAS系统

除了英国以外,欧盟国家也将自2023年11月起,实施类似于英国ETA和美国ESTA的全新欧盟ETIAS系统。

ETIAS面向的同样是”免签族群“,也就是那些可以”免签访问欧盟国家“的当事人。这些当事人未来要访问”申根区“(Schengen Area)之前,需要提前申请到有效ETIAS,才能合法入境欧盟国家。

ETIAS同样需要通过”线上申请“,申请的流程和概念,其实就类似于前面介绍过的英国ETA申请(只不过一个归欧盟管,用来入境欧盟;另一个归英国政府管,用来入境英国)。

不过需要注意的是,要申请欧盟ETIAS,当事人需要确保在入境欧盟之前,所持护照的有效期,不能少于6个月(也就是您的护照不能将在6个月内到期)。

否则的话,您需要先去申请一本新的护照,才能再去申请欧盟ETIAS。

→ 一些常见问题:

中国籍申请人,应该如何看待英国ETA和欧盟ETIAS?答:对于持有中国护照的人来说,其实以上提及的”新变化“对您而言基本没有影响。因为中国籍申请人本来无论是访问英国,或者欧盟国家,都需要申请相应的签证。所以未来您还是只要像现在这样去”申请签证“就可以,不论是ETA还是ETIAS,对您而言都是不适用的。

那如果是住在英国或欧盟的中国公民呢?甚至说您已经持有当地”永居“了呢?答:不论是您目前持有的是有效签证或者永居身份,这都不会改变您仍然持有中国护照、仍然是中国籍的事实。而”永居身份“其实就是一种”永久性的签证“,就是说永居身份并不会改变您的国籍。如此一来,如果您是合法居住在欧盟的人,您访问英国的时候仍然需要申请英国(访问)签证;同理,居住在英国的人,您在访问欧盟的时候,还是需要申请申根签证的。从这个角度来看,新的ETA或者ETIAS系统,对您仍然是没有什么影响的。

所以,要什么情况下,对您才有影响?答:您需要是持有的国籍,原本就对英国或者欧盟”免签“,您属于Non-Visa National;又或者,您是后来成为了Non-Visa National(比如说,您入籍英国,拿到了英国护照)。这样的话,您就会需要在未来ETA或者ETIAS正式实施后,事先申请相应的”电子旅行许可“,才能够合法访问该国家或地区。(比如,持有欧盟国家护照,访问英国前需要事先申请有效ETA;而持有英国护照,访问欧盟国家之前,则需要提前申请有效ETIAS。)

好了,今天就先聊到这边。通过本篇文章,丽莎带您在全新ETA系统正式实施前,提早窥见”它“可能会有的更多面貌,也进一步提到了欧盟相对应的ETIAS系统。

如果您对于文章内容,或者其他英国法律方面,有任何疑问,或者您感兴趣和我们进一步讨论的话,都欢迎直接联系丽莎律师行。

任何英国税务方面的问题,也可以进一步咨询丽莎会计行。

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