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上訴法院:签证被拒想靠“不断申请”续命?没门!

根据移民法第39E(2),移民局允许考虑当事人在原申请被拒绝后,再次提出的(新)申请;前提是,新的申请必须是个“In Time”(及时)申请。

以目前的移民法规定来说,这个“In Time”代表当事人需要在“原申请”被拒绝后的14天内(或者相关上诉或行政复议出结果的14天内),及时提出(新)申请;这样(新)申请才能被视为“及时提出”并受移民局的考虑。

像这样14天的宽限期(在较早以前的制度,更曾经有过28天),一般称之为“Grace Period”。

今天丽莎要分享的案例,就和移民局如何实际引用上述的Paragraph 39E(2)和Grace Period有关。

在Secretary of State for the Home Department v Ali [2021] EWCA Civ 1357这个来自英国上诉法院的最新判决中,案件当事人(化名Ali)尝试通过上面提到的Paragraph 39E(2)来争取移民局对自己案件的多次考虑。

Ali的操作是这样的:

他在2015年2月,在他原本持有的合法Tier 1 PSW签证即将到期之前,递交了Tier 1企业家移民申请。

这个Tier 1 Entrepreneur申请由于是在原有的签证到期之前就递交了,自然是“In Time”而没有问题。

不过,他的企业家移民申请在同年5月遭到了拒绝;之后,Ali因为获得境内上诉权而提出上诉,但该上诉依然没有成功,并且Ali想要进一步再向上级裁判法庭提出上诉也失败,法庭不愿核准他的上诉许可(Permission to appeal)。

截至这个时间点,已是2016年10月14日,也是他合法“3C居留”截止的日期;因为,至此他的上诉权利已经用完(Appeal rights Exhausted)。

不过,Ali还是继续待在英国,并没有回去他原来的国家-巴基斯坦。

2016年11月9日,也就是Ali原“合法居留”到期的28天内,他又再度递交了一个新的Tier 1 Entrepreneur申请。

由于当时的移民法,允许“28天”的Grace Period(宽限期),所以根据Paragraph 39E(2),移民局接受了Ali的新申请,而Ali在2016年10月14日至2016年11月9日之间的“非法滞留”也因此被忽略不计(Disregarded)。

然而,Ali的这个新申请也没有迎来好的结果,移民局拒绝了他的申请。

之后,由于Ali没有上诉权利,便提出了行政复议(Administrative Review)。

2017年2月18日,Ali的行政复议失败,移民局给他核发了结果通知信,并在信中告知,Ali已经没有合法权利继续待在英国,如果Ali不自愿离开,将面临被拘留甚至遣返的风险。

紧接著,在2017年3月2日,也就是收到上面移民局决定信的14天内(这时的移民政策,宽限期已经缩短成了14天),Ali想要故技重施,把握时间再度递交一个新的申请,新的申请依然是Tier 1 Entrepreneur。

而这一次,Ali的策略并没有成功。移民局直接拒绝了他的申请,认为Ali已经不再持有合法居留,属于非法滞留。

→ 法院怎么说?

在申请遭到移民局拒绝,并且随后提出的行政复议也没有成功后,Ali通过司法审核(Judicial Review)把案件带到了上级裁判法庭。

有趣的是,上级裁判法庭其实是接受Ali的说法,认为Ali最后一次提出的Tier 1 Entrepreneur申请,符合仍在“Grace Period”内,是适用Paragraph 39E(2)而不需要被视为“非法滞留”的。

移民局不满上级裁判法庭的决定,便把案件继续上诉到上诉法院(Court of Appeal)。

→ 于是,上诉法院推翻了上级裁判法庭?

移民局表示,如果允许申请人(Ali)永无止尽地一而再、再而三通过类似的方式,不停“非法滞留”下来,那么岂不是变相鼓励了其他人也同样效法?面对移民局的拒绝、上诉或行政复议的失败,只要一直在所谓的“期限内”提出新的申请,就可以无限居留下来?!

移民局的意思是说,对于Paragraph 39E(2)的解读,不应该被无限制的延长。

所谓的“宽限期”,只能体现在“原申请”被拒绝后的一次,也就是以原本申请人持有的合法签证到期前,所递交的新申请为准(以Ali的例子来说,也就是原本持有的合法Tier 1 PSW签证到期前,提出的(第一个)Tier 1 Entrepreneur申请为准-在该申请被拒绝后的14天内,或者该申请已经使用完/耗尽所有上诉权利或行政复议权利的14天内,意即有关这个(第一个)申请的所有上诉或行政复议/司法审核最终结果出炉的14天内,可以再次提出另一个新申请(例如Ali第二次提出的Tier 1 Entrepreneur申请);这种情况下,申请人可以视为“宽限期内”递交的合法申请,而不会被认定是非法滞留。

但是,在这之后,申请人就不能再使用同样的手法和理由,想要继续“利用”所谓的宽限期,没有终点地一再提出申请,并藉此转换成“合法居留”。

至此,上诉法院同意了移民局的说法,认为“同样的苹果(指甜头)可以咬两口,但不能再咬第三口!”

在类似于Ali案例的情况下(对于其他申请人来说也是的),引用和计算“Paragraph 39E(2)/宽限期”的方式就应该按照上面移民局所说,申请人不能藉口使用同样的途径,不停地留在英国。

丽莎结语:从今天分享的Ali例子,希望帮助莎粉们更加了解有关Paragraph 39E(2)和“宽限期”的实际应用。

从移民局的角度来看,上诉法院给出的最终结果并不难预料。毕竟,移民局并不想鼓励所有申请人,单靠不断申请来“续命”,也不想变相鼓励申请人在即便申请不到合法签证的情况下,投机移民法的漏洞而“非法居留”下来。

今天的文章就到这边,如果您对于文章内容,或者其他英国法律方面,有任何疑问,都欢迎进一步咨询丽莎律师行。

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